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The landmark case Toshniwal Brothers (Pvt.) Ltd. vs Eswarprasad, E. and Others, decided in 1996, describes the legality of employment bonds in India.It holds that under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, contracts requiring an employee to pay a bond if they prematurely resign their employment are legal and enforceable, at least in cases where employers pay expenses like training for the employee. [2]
Debt bondage in India (Hindi: बंधुआ मज़दूरी bandhua mazdoori) was legally abolished in 1976 but remains prevalent due to weak enforcement by the government. [1] Bonded labour is a system in which lenders force their borrowers to repay loans through labor. [ 1 ]
According to fundamental rules (FR 17A) of the civil service of India, a period of unauthorised absence- (i) in the case of employees working in industrial establishments, during a strike which has been declared illegal under the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, or any other law for the time being in force; (ii) in the case of ...
This is a chronological and complete list of acts passed before 1861, by the Imperial Legislative Council between 1861 and 1947, the Constituent Assembly of India between 1947 and 1949, the Provisional Parliament between 1949 and 1952, and the Parliament of India since 1952. Apart from Finance Act, there are 890 Acts which are still in force as ...
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A contract forbidding an employee from leaving their employment, under penalty of a surety bond, is referred to as an employment bond. In some professions, notably teaching, civil servants, university professors, and some orchestra jobs, some employees may have tenure , which means that they cannot be dismissed at will.
Debt bondage only applies to individuals who have no hopes of leaving the labor due to inability to ever pay debt back. [ 1 ] [ 8 ] Those who offer their services to repay a debt and the employer reduces the debt accordingly at a rate commensurate with the value of labor performed are not in debt bondage .
Typically, dementia is associated with classic symptoms like confusion and memory loss. But new research finds that there could be a less obvious risk factor out there: your cholesterol levels ...