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The processor validates the signature and integrity of the signed module before executing it. The ACM then measures the first BIOS code module, which can make additional measurements. The measurements of the ACM and BIOS code modules are extended to PCR0, which is said to hold the static core root of trust measurement (CRTM) as well as the ...
Field upgrade is the TCG term for updating the TPM firmware. The update can be between TPM 1.2 and TPM 2.0, or between firmware versions. Some vendors limit the number of transitions between 1.2 and 2.0, and some restrict rollback to previous versions. [citation needed] Platform OEMs such as HP [87] supply an upgrade tool.
Windows 10 is the last version of Microsoft Windows that supports 32-bit processors (IA-32 and ARMv7-based), the last non-IoT edition to officially lack a CPU whitelist [30] and support BIOS firmware, [31] [32] and the last version to officially support systems with TPM 1.2 or without any TPM at all.
Although the TPM can only store a single cryptographic key securely, secure storage of arbitrary data is by extension possible by encrypting the data such that it may only be decrypted using the securely stored key. The TPM is also able to produce a cryptographic signature based on its hidden key. This signature may be verified by the user or ...
The Microsoft products Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows RT make use of a Trusted Platform Module to facilitate BitLocker Drive Encryption. [22] Other known applications with runtime encryption and the use of secure enclaves include the Signal messenger [23] and the e-prescription service ("E-Rezept") [24] by the German government.
On system with BIOS firmware, the BIOS invokes MBR boot code from a hard disk drive at startup. The MBR boot code and the VBR boot code are OS-specific. In Microsoft Windows, the MBR boot code tries to find an active partition (the MBR is only 512 bytes), then executes the VBR boot code of an active partition.
When used in conjunction with a compatible Trusted Platform Module (TPM), BitLocker can validate the integrity of boot and system files before decrypting a protected volume; an unsuccessful validation will prohibit access to a protected system. [6] [7] BitLocker was briefly called Secure Startup before Windows Vista's release to manufacturing. [6]
A PBA environment serves as an extension of the BIOS, UEFI or boot firmware and guarantees a secure, tamper-proof environment external to the operating system as a trusted authentication layer. [2] The PBA prevents any operating system from loading until the user has confirmed he/she has the correct password to unlock the computer. [ 2 ]