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Ruthenium compounds are compounds containing the element ruthenium (Ru). Ruthenium compounds can have oxidation states ranging from 0 to +8, and −2. The properties of ruthenium and osmium compounds are often similar. The +2, +3, and +4 states are the most common.
The oxidation states of ruthenium range from 0 to +8, and −2. The properties of ruthenium and osmium compounds are often similar. The +2, +3, and +4 states are the most common. The most prevalent precursor is ruthenium trichloride, a red solid that is poorly defined chemically but versatile synthetically. [30]
The most important reagents for the introduction of ruthenium are ruthenium(III) chloride and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl. In its organometallic compounds, ruthenium is known to adopt oxidation states from -2 ([Ru(CO) 4] 2−) to +6 ([RuN(Me)4] −). Most common are those in the 2+ oxidation state, as illustrated below.
Ruthenium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ru O 2. This black solid is the most common oxide of ruthenium . It is widely used as an electrocatalyst for producing chlorine, chlorine oxides, and O 2 . [ 1 ]
As the most commonly available ruthenium compound, RuCl 3 ·xH 2 O is the precursor to many hundreds of chemical compounds. The noteworthy property of ruthenium complexes, chlorides and otherwise, is the existence of more than one oxidation state, several of which are kinetically inert.
Osmium forms compounds with oxidation states ranging from −2 to +8. The most common oxidation states are +2, +3, +4, and +8. The +8 oxidation state is notable for being the highest attained by any chemical element aside from iridium's +9 [1] and is encountered only in xenon, [2] [3] ruthenium, [4] hassium, [5] iridium, [6] and plutonium.
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} See also [ edit ]
An alternative route can proceed from the oxidation of ruthenate salts by chlorine gas. [3] Perruthenate can also be produced in situ by the oxidation of aqueous ruthenium trichloride with sodium bromate; this method produces a dark green solution, which can be precipitated with an appropriate cation to yield the corresponding salt. [5]