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  2. Infinitesimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitesimal

    In common speech, an infinitesimal object is an object that is smaller than any feasible measurement, but not zero in size—or, so small that it cannot be distinguished from zero by any available means. Hence, when used as an adjective in mathematics, infinitesimal means infinitely small, smaller than any standard real number. Infinitesimals ...

  3. Hindustani numerals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_numerals

    Like many Indo-Aryan languages, Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) has a decimal numeral system that is contracted to the extent that nearly every number 1–99 is irregular, and needs to be memorized as a separate numeral.

  4. Indian numbering system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_numbering_system

    The Indian numbering system is used in the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) to express large numbers.The terms lakh or 1,00,000 (one hundred thousand, written as 100,000 in Pakistan and outside the subcontinent) and crore or 1,00,00,000 [1] (ten million, written as 10,000,000 outside the subcontinent) are the most commonly used terms in ...

  5. Infinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinity

    In 1655, John Wallis first used the notation for such a number in his De sectionibus conicis, [19] and exploited it in area calculations by dividing the region into infinitesimal strips of width on the order of . [20] But in Arithmetica infinitorum (1656), [21] he indicates infinite series, infinite products and infinite continued fractions by ...

  6. Path-ordering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path-ordering

    where + is the evolution operator over an infinitesimal time interval [, (+)]. The higher order terms can be neglected in the limit ε → 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon \to 0} . The operator h j {\displaystyle h_{j}} is defined by

  7. Hyperreal number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperreal_number

    The only properties that differ between the reals and the hyperreals are those that rely on quantification over sets, or other higher-level structures such as functions and relations, which are typically constructed out of sets. Each real set, function, and relation has its natural hyperreal extension, satisfying the same first-order properties.

  8. Deformation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(mathematics)

    The most salient deformation theory in mathematics has been that of complex manifolds and algebraic varieties.This was put on a firm basis by foundational work of Kunihiko Kodaira and Donald C. Spencer, after deformation techniques had received a great deal of more tentative application in the Italian school of algebraic geometry.

  9. Samayā - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samayā

    The Ashoka Chakra has a spoke for each of 24 hours in a day.. Samaya (Sanskrit: समय, romanized: Samayā, lit. 'Time') [1] or Samayam (Sanskrit: समयम्, romanized: Samayaṃ) [2] is a Sanskrit term referring to the "appointed or proper time, [the] right moment for doing anything."