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The arch is further supported by the plantar aponeurosis, by the small muscles in the sole of the foot (short muscles of the big toe), by the tendons of the tibialis anterior and posterior and fibularis longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and by the ligaments of all the articulations involved. [1]
The foot structures are divided into segments from proximal to distal and are grouped according to similarity in shape, dimension and function. In this approach, the foot may be described in three segments: as the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot. The hindfoot is the most proximal and posterior portion of the foot. [22]
Pes cavus, also known as high arch, is an orthopedic condition that presents as a hollow arch underneath the foot with a pronounced high ridge at the top when weight bearing. This foot type is typically characterized with cavus—the elevation of the longitudinal plantar arch (e.g., the bottom arch of a foot), plantar flexion of the foot ...
From each pedicle a broad plate, a lamina, projects backward and medially to join and complete the vertebral arch and form the posterior border of the vertebral foramen, which completes the triangle of the vertebral foramen. [6] The upper surfaces of the laminae are rough to give attachment to the ligamenta flava.
Humans have a foot arch rather than being flat footed. [7] When non-human hominids walk upright, weight is transmitted from the heel , along the outside of the foot, and then through the middle toes while a human foot transmits weight from the heel, along the outside of the foot, across the ball of the foot and finally through the big toe.
The foot (pl.: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates.It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion.In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate [clarification needed] organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails.
The navicular bone is a keystone of the foot: it is part of the coxa pedis and articulates with the talus, first, second and third cuneiform, cuboid and calcaneus. It plays an important role in the biomechanics of the foot, helping in inversion, eversion, and motion; it is a structural link between midfoot and forefoot and it is part of the ...
Together, the talus and calcaneus form the hindfoot. [1] The five irregular bones of the midfoot—the cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiform bones—form the arches of the foot which serves as a shock absorber. The midfoot is connected to the hind- and forefoot by muscles and the plantar fascia. [1]