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An antonym is one of a pair of words with opposite meanings. Each word in the pair is the antithesis of the other. A word may have more than one antonym. There are three categories of antonyms identified by the nature of the relationship between the opposed meanings.
This thought experiment indicates that rationality and normativity coincide since what is rational and what one ought to do depends on the agent's mind after all. [ 40 ] [ 38 ] Some theorists have responded to these thought experiments by distinguishing between normativity and responsibility . [ 38 ]
As the study of argument is of clear importance to the reasons that we hold things to be true, logic is of essential importance to rationality. Arguments may be logical if they are "conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity", [1] while they are rational according to the broader requirement that they are based on reason and knowledge.
Irrational behavior can be useful when used tactically in certain conflict, game and escape situations. The moves of an irrational opponent are not (or only very limitedly) predictable. An irrational negotiator cannot be put under rational pressure. [52] An indirect tactic is the rational use of the irrationalism of third parties.
[1] [2] The concept of irrationality is especially important in Albert Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy, where it is characterized specifically as the tendency and leaning that humans have to act, emote and think in ways that are inflexible, unrealistic, absolutist and most importantly self-defeating and socially defeating and destructive.
In his book Cognitive Capitalism, the psychologist Heiner Rindermann uses the term phronesis to describe a rational approach of thinking and acting: "a circumspect and thoughtful way of life in a rational manner". [16] Intelligence supports such a "burgher" lifestyle. [further explanation needed]
Logical reasoning is a form of thinking that is concerned with arriving at a conclusion in a rigorous way. [1] This happens in the form of inferences by transforming the information present in a set of premises to reach a conclusion.
The Center for Applied Rationality (CFAR) is a nonprofit organization based in Berkeley, California, that hosts workshops on rationality and cognitive bias.It was founded in 2012 by Julia Galef, Anna Salamon, Michael Smith and Andrew Critch, [3] to improve participants' rationality using "a set of techniques from math and decision theory for forming your beliefs about the world as accurately ...