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If high prolactin levels are present, all known conditions and medications which raises prolactin secretion must be assessed and excluded for diagnosis. [ 2 ] [ 41 ] After ruling out other causes and prolactin levels remain high, TSH levels are assessed. [ 2 ]
When symptoms are present, medical therapy is the treatment of choice. Patients with hyperprolactinemia and no symptoms (idiopathic or microprolactinoma) can be monitored without treatment. Consider treatment for women with amenorrhea. In addition, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning should be considered to evaluate bone density.
Galactorrhea can also be caused by antipsychotics that cause hyperprolactinemia by blocking dopamine receptors responsible for control of prolactin release. Of these, risperidone is the most notorious for causing this complication. [5] Case reports suggest proton-pump inhibitors have been shown to cause galactorrhea.
High prolactin levels can lead to a bunch of issues like infertility, intimate problems and bone loss, ... Like all medications, cabergoline can cause side effects. It's important to be aware of ...
Some antidepressants are also linked to increased levels of prolactin — a hormone that can cause low libido and climax dysfunction in ... Drug holidays are considered a “high-risk” treatment ...
Prolactin inhibitors are mainly used to treat hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels). [1] Agonists of the dopamine D 2 receptor such as bromocriptine and cabergoline are able to strongly suppress pituitary prolactin secretion and thereby decrease circulating prolactin levels, and so are most commonly used as prolactin inhibitors. [1]
Sulpiride and Amisulpiride, as well as Risperdone and paliperidone (to a lesser extent), cause a high increase of prolactin. In April 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an advisory and subsequent black box warning regarding the risks of atypical antipsychotic use among elderly patients with dementia.
A prolactinoma is a tumor of the pituitary gland that produces the hormone prolactin.It is the most common type of functioning pituitary tumor. [1] Symptoms of prolactinoma are due to abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood (hyperprolactinemia), or due to pressure of the tumor on surrounding brain tissue and/or the optic nerves.