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Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation.
A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation. Proto-oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through their protein products.
The chance of cancer cannot be reduced by removing proto-oncogenes from the genome, even if this were possible, as they are critical for the growth, repair, and homeostasis of the organism. It is only when they become mutated that the signals for growth become excessive. One of the first oncogenes to be defined in cancer research is the ras ...
While tireless research has brought continued advancements in radiation oncology with more personalized, convenient treatment options, cancer outcomes remain the best when disease is caught early ...
Studies show that cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. [1] Despite this, recent advancements in treatment have significantly increased survival rates for many patients. The treatment for cancer varies depending on its type and how advanced it is. Chemotherapy is a common treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It ...
A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. [1] If the cell grows uncontrollably, it will result in cancer . When a tumor suppressor gene is mutated, it results in a loss or reduction in its function.
In later stages, tumors can develop a resistance to cancer treatment. The identification of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is important to understand tumor progression and treatment success. The role of a given gene in cancer progression may vary tremendously, depending on the stage and type of cancer involved. [34]
Illustration of how a normal cell is converted to a cancer cell, when an oncogene becomes activated.. A direct oncogenic viral mechanism [11] involves either insertion of additional viral oncogenic genes into the host cell or to enhance already existing oncogenic genes (proto-oncogenes) in the genome.
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