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Goods can be returned while a service, once delivered cannot. [4] Goods are not always tangible and may be virtual e.g. a book may be paper or electronic. Marketing theory makes use of the service-goods continuum as an important concept [5] which "enables marketers to see the relative goods/services composition of total products". [6]
Operations management for services has the functional responsibility for producing the services of an organization and providing them directly to its customers. [1]: 6–7 It specifically deals with decisions required by operations managers for simultaneous production and consumption of an intangible product. These decisions concern the process ...
The security-management system for supply chains is described in ISO/IEC 28000 and ISO/IEC 28001 and related standards published jointly by the ISO and the IEC. Supply Chain Management draws heavily from the areas of operations management, logistics, procurement, and information technology, and strives for an integrated approach.
Commercial management is overseeing and handling an organization’s functions and activities involved in the process of exchanging goods, services, or other valuable assets, as well as any income-generating activity; in order to achieve and sustain profitability while minimizing risks and costs. [1]
Commerce is the organized system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered large-scale distribution and transfer (exchange through buying and selling) of goods and services at the right time, place, quantity, quality and price through various channels among the original producers and the final consumers within local ...
Operations management is concerned with designing and controlling the production of goods and services, [1] ensuring that businesses are efficient in using resources to meet customer requirements. It is concerned with managing an entire production system that converts inputs (in the forms of raw materials , labor , consumers , and energy ) into ...
International business refers to the trade of goods and service goods, services, technology, capital and/or knowledge across national borders and at a global or transnational scale. [1] It includes all commercial activities that promote the transfer of goods, services and values globally. [ 2 ]
A value chain is a progression of activities that a business or firm performs in order to deliver goods and services of value to an end customer.The concept comes from the field of business management and was first described by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance.