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An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus. [1] They may have a large flat base or be attached to the uterus by an elongated pedicle (pedunculated). [2] [3] Pedunculated polyps are more common than sessile ones. [4] They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. [3]
A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be sessile. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus.
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Micrograph showing nucleated red blood cells (bottom left of image), one of the elements necessary to call extramedullary hematopoiesis, in an endometrial polyp. H&E stain. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH or sometimes EH [1]) refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone (bone marrow). [2] It can be physiologic or ...
Cervical polyps are finger-like growths, generally less than 1 cm in diameter. [4] [5] They are generally bright red in colour, with a spongy texture. [3] They may be attached to the cervix by a stalk (pedunculated) and occasionally prolapse into the vagina where they can be mistaken for endometrial polyps or submucosal fibroids. [5]
Decidualization is a process that results in significant changes to cells of the endometrium in preparation for, and during, pregnancy. This includes morphological and functional changes (the decidual reaction) to endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), the presence of decidual white blood cells (leukocytes), and vascular changes to maternal arteries.
Endometrial: Endometrial causes of abnormal bleeding include infection of the endometrium, endometritis, which may occur after a miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) or a delivery, or may be related to a sexually-transmitted infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes or pelvis generally termed pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Other endometrial ...
Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) is a premalignant lesion of the uterine lining that predisposes to endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. It is composed of a collection of abnormal endometrial cells, arising from the glands that line the uterus , which have a tendency over time to progress to the most common form of uterine cancer ...