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For example, for a 1.6 GHz Pentium M, the clock frequency can be stepped down in 200 MHz decrements over the range from 1.6 to 0.6 GHz. At the same time, the voltage requirement decreases from 1.484 to 0.956 V. The result is that the power consumption theoretically goes down by a factor of 6.4.
The Low Voltage Series include the MSP430C09x and MSP430L092 parts, capable of running at 0.9 V. These 2 series of low voltage 16-bit microcontrollers have configurations with two 16-bit timers, an 8-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, an 8-bit digital-to-analog (D/A) converter, and up to 11 I/O pins.
The TMS9900 is a single-chip implementation of TI's 16-bit TI-990 mini design, and is the CPU in low-end models of that platform. [12] Feature-limited single-chip versions of popular minicomputer designs from the 1960s were popular in the mid-1970s and newly designed 16-bit and 32-bit CPUs like the Intel 8088 and Motorola 68000 , respectively ...
For example, an IBM PC with an Intel 80486 CPU running at 50 MHz will be about twice as fast (internally only) as one with the same CPU and memory running at 25 MHz, while the same will not be true for MIPS R4000 running at the same clock rate as the two are different processors that implement different architectures and microarchitectures ...
The same is true for newer processors: When a single-core Intel CPU was 20% underclocked, the PC's performance was down only 13% with a 49% power reduction. [3] In general, the power consumed by a CPU with a capacitance C, running at frequency f and voltage V is approximately [4] =.
ACPI 1.0 (1996) defines a way for a CPU to go to idle "C states", but defines no frequency-scaling system. ACPI 2.0 (2000) introduces a system of P states (power-performance states) that a processor can use to communicate its possible frequency–power settings to the OS. The operating system then sets the speed as needed by switching between ...
Ultra low power consumption, register renaming, out-of-order execution, branch prediction, multi-core, module, capable of reach higher clock P5 (Pentium) 1993 5 Superscalar P6 (Pentium Pro) 14 Speculative execution, register renaming, superscalar design with out-of-order execution P6 14 [4] Branch prediction: P6 (Pentium III) 1995 14 [4]
The computer is running and the CPU executes instructions. "Away mode" is a subset of S0, where monitor is off but background tasks are running. G1 Sleeping S0ix Modern Standby, [34] or "Low Power S0 Idle". Partial processor SoC sleep. [35] [36] Sub states include S0i1, S0i2 and S0i3. Known to ARM and x86 devices. S1