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  2. Arithmetices principia, nova methodo exposita - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetices_principia...

    Giuseppe Peano First recorded usage of the symbol ϵ for set membership.. The 1889 treatise Arithmetices principia, nova methodo exposita (The principles of arithmetic, presented by a new method) by Giuseppe Peano is widely considered to be a seminal document in mathematical logic and set theory, [1] [2] introducing what is now the standard axiomatization of the natural numbers, and known as ...

  3. The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nine_Chapters_on_the...

    Abridged English translation: Yoshio Mikami: "Arithmetic in Nine Sections", in The Development of Mathematics in China and Japan, 1913. Highly Abridged English translation: Florian Cajori: "Arithmetic in Nine Sections", in A History of Mathematics, Second Edition, 1919 (possibly copied or paraphrased from Mikami).

  4. Disquisitiones Arithmeticae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disquisitiones_Arithmeticae

    Title page of the first edition. Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (Latin for Arithmetical Investigations) is a textbook on number theory written in Latin by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1798, when Gauss was 21, and published in 1801, when he was 24.

  5. Principia Mathematica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principia_Mathematica

    Translation of the formulas into contemporary symbols: Various authors use alternate symbols, so no definitive translation can be given. However, because of criticisms such as that of Kurt Gödel below, the best contemporary treatments will be very precise with respect to the "formation rules" (the syntax) of the formulas.

  6. The Foundations of Arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Foundations_of_Arithmetic

    The Foundations of Arithmetic (German: Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik) is a book by Gottlob Frege, published in 1884, which investigates the philosophical foundations of arithmetic. Frege refutes other idealist and materialist theories of number and develops his own platonist theory of numbers.

  7. Arithmetica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica

    Equations in the book are presently called Diophantine equations. The method for solving these equations is known as Diophantine analysis. Most of the Arithmetica problems lead to quadratic equations. In Book 3, Diophantus solves problems of finding values which make two linear expressions simultaneously into squares or cubes.

  8. Nicomachus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicomachus

    The Introduction to Arithmetic of Nicomachus was a standard textbook in Neoplatonic schools, and commentaries on it were written by Iamblichus (3rd century) and John Philoponus (6th century). [1] The Arithmetic (in Latin: De Institutione Arithmetica) of Boethius was a Latin paraphrase and a partial translation of the Introduction to Arithmetic ...

  9. Liber Abaci - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber_Abaci

    The Liber Abaci or Liber Abbaci [1] (Latin for "The Book of Calculation") was a 1202 Latin work on arithmetic by Leonardo of Pisa, posthumously known as Fibonacci. It is primarily famous for introducing both base-10 positional notation and the symbols known as Arabic numerals in Europe.

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