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  2. Feature scaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_scaling

    Feature standardization makes the values of each feature in the data have zero-mean (when subtracting the mean in the numerator) and unit-variance. This method is widely used for normalization in many machine learning algorithms (e.g., support vector machines, logistic regression, and artificial neural networks).

  3. Normalization (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_(statistics)

    In another usage in statistics, normalization refers to the creation of shifted and scaled versions of statistics, where the intention is that these normalized values allow the comparison of corresponding normalized values for different datasets in a way that eliminates the effects of certain gross influences, as in an anomaly time series. Some ...

  4. Quantile normalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile_normalization

    To quantile normalize two or more distributions to each other, without a reference distribution, sort as before, then set to the average (usually, arithmetic mean) of the distributions. So the highest value in all cases becomes the mean of the highest values, the second highest value becomes the mean of the second highest values, and so on.

  5. Variance-stabilizing transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance-stabilizing...

    For example, suppose that the values x are realizations from different Poisson distributions: i.e. the distributions each have different mean values μ. Then, because for the Poisson distribution the variance is identical to the mean, the variance varies with the mean. However, if the simple variance-stabilizing transformation

  6. Canonicalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonicalization

    In computer science, canonicalization (sometimes standardization or normalization) is a process for converting data that has more than one possible representation into a "standard", "normal", or canonical form.

  7. Normality test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normality_test

    Simple back-of-the-envelope test takes the sample maximum and minimum and computes their z-score, or more properly t-statistic (number of sample standard deviations that a sample is above or below the sample mean), and compares it to the 68–95–99.7 rule: if one has a 3σ event (properly, a 3s event) and substantially fewer than 300 samples, or a 4s event and substantially fewer than 15,000 ...

  8. Index of dispersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_dispersion

    In probability theory and statistics, the index of dispersion, [1] dispersion index, coefficient of dispersion, relative variance, or variance-to-mean ratio (VMR), like the coefficient of variation, is a normalized measure of the dispersion of a probability distribution: it is a measure used to quantify whether a set of observed occurrences are clustered or dispersed compared to a standard ...

  9. Naive Bayes classifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier

    Rennie et al. discuss problems with the multinomial assumption in the context of document classification and possible ways to alleviate those problems, including the use of tf–idf weights instead of raw term frequencies and document length normalization, to produce a naive Bayes classifier that is competitive with support vector machines.