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Lotion is a low-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to the skin. By contrast, creams and gels have higher viscosity, typically due to lower water content. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Lotions are applied to external skin with bare hands, a brush, a clean cloth, or cotton wool .
Ointments are more occlusive than aqueous creams, which are more occlusive than lotion. [5] Water loss through the skin is normally about 4–8 g/(m 2 ⋅h). A layer of petrolatum applied to normal skin can reduce that loss by 50–75% for several hours. [4] Oils naturally produced by the human body moisturize through this same mechanism. [2]
In cosmetics, skin toner or simply toner refers to a water-based lotion, tonic, or wash designed to cleanse the skin and prepare it for other skincare products, such as moisturizers and serums. [1] Typically used on the face, toners remove any remaining impurities after cleansing, balance the skin’s pH, and hydrate the skin. [2]
Swedish advertisement for toiletries (c. 1905/06)Personal care products can be categorized according to their function and area of application. These are cleansing products, hair care products, oral care products, sun care products, skin hydrating products, feminine care products, hair removal products, nail care products, eye care products and anal hygiene products.
Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature. [1] Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients, which may include herbs, roots, flowers and essential oils, [2] [3] [4] but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax, and minerals.
Organogels are not as commonly used as mediums for drugs or vaccines when compared to other gel classes. [5] This is due to the untested or pharmaceutically unacceptable solvents and gelators commonly used in organogel synthesis. [5]
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