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  2. Soil respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_respiration

    Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of carbon dioxide. Carbon is stored in the soil as organic matter and is respired by plants, bacteria, fungi and animals. When this respiration occurs below ground, it is considered soil respiration. Temperature, soil moisture and nitrogen all regulate ...

  3. CO2 fertilization effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CO2_fertilization_effect

    Through photosynthesis, plants use CO 2 from the atmosphere, water from the ground, and energy from the sun to create sugars used for growth and fuel. [22] While using these sugars as fuel releases carbon back into the atmosphere (photorespiration), growth stores carbon in the physical structures of the plant (i.e. leaves, wood, or non-woody stems). [23]

  4. Soil gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_gas

    Soil gases (soil atmosphere [1]) are the gases found in the air space between soil components. The spaces between the solid soil particles, if they do not contain water, are filled with air. The primary soil gases are nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen. [2] Oxygen is critical because it allows for respiration of both plant roots and soil ...

  5. Carbon farming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_farming

    The overall aim of carbon farming is to store carbon in the soil, crop roots, wood and leaves.It is one of several methods for carbon sequestration.It can be achieved by modification of agricultural practices because soil can act as an effective carbon sink and thus offset carbon dioxide emissions.

  6. Chemosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemosynthesis

    Venenivibrio stagnispumantis gains energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas.. In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or ferrous ions as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in ...

  7. Carbonate–silicate cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate–silicate_cycle

    The carbonate-silicate cycle is the primary control on carbon dioxide levels over long timescales. [3] It can be seen as a branch of the carbon cycle, which also includes the organic carbon cycle, in which biological processes convert carbon dioxide and water into organic matter and oxygen via photosynthesis. [5]

  8. Soil carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon

    Soil carbon is present in two forms: inorganic and organic. Soil inorganic carbon consists of mineral forms of carbon, either from weathering of parent material, or from reaction of soil minerals with atmospheric CO 2. Carbonate minerals are the dominant form of soil carbon in desert climates. Soil organic carbon is present as soil organic matter.

  9. Carbon dioxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide

    Carbon dioxide in combination with nitrogen was known from earlier times as Blackdamp, stythe or choke damp. [b] Along with the other types of damp it was encountered in mining operations and well sinking. Slow oxidation of coal and biological processes replaced the oxygen to create a suffocating mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. [149]