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Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD): [12] This study found blood concentrations in breastfed infants of mothers taking carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproate, levetiracetam, and topiramate were quite low, especially in relationship to the mother's level and what the fetal level would have been ...
Taking topiramate in the first trimester of pregnancy may increase the risk of cleft lip/cleft palate in infants. [38] As is the case for all antiepileptic drugs, it is advisable not to suddenly discontinue topiramate as there is a theoretical risk of rebound seizures.
Common side effects include loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and feeling tired. [4] Serious side effects include suicidal thoughts, low blood cell levels, and lupus erythematosus. [4] [5] It is unclear if it has adverse effects on the fetus during pregnancy. [4] Ethosuximide is in the succinimide family of medications. Its mechanism ...
Some dietary supplements can cause side effects and harm to the mother or unborn child. [5] Pregnant women should discuss all dietary supplements with their health care professional to determine the appropriate dosage and which supplements are safe during pregnancy. [5]
Data from studies conducted on women taking antiepileptic drugs for non-epileptic reasons, including depression and bipolar disorder, show that if high doses of the drugs are taken during the first trimester of pregnancy then there is the potential of an increased risk of congenital malformations. [102]
Valproate is known to cause serious abnormalities or birth defects in the unborn child if taken during pregnancy, [7] [8] and is contra-indicated for women of childbearing age unless the drug is essential to their medical condition and the person is also prescribed a contraceptive.
Severe side effects may include suicide and psychosis. [ 8 ] [ 7 ] Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus. [ 9 ] Primidone is an anticonvulsant of the barbiturate class; [ 7 ] however, its long-term effect in raising the seizure threshold is likely due to its active metabolite, phenobarbital . [ 10 ]
Potentially serious side effects include a decreased level of consciousness and respiratory depressant. [6] There is potential for both abuse and withdrawal following long-term use. [6] It may also increase the risk of suicide. [6] It is pregnancy category D in Australia, meaning that it may cause harm when taken during pregnancy.