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Downward rotation would be prevented by co-contraction of other muscles that elevate the spine, the upper fibers of the trapezius, which is an upward rotator. When the shoulder is fixed, levator scapulae rotates to the same side and flexes the cervical spine laterally.
Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula Floor of bicipital groove of humerus Teres major: Lower third of lateral border of scapula: Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus Teres minor: Upper two thirds of lateral border of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Lateral rotation
elevation of the scapula at the shoulders (e.g. shrugging shoulders) include: Levator scapulae muscle; Rhomboid major muscle and Rhomboid minor muscle; Trapezius muscle; elevation of the ribs. Pectoralis minor muscle; Scalene muscles; mandible. Medial pterygoid muscle; upper lip. Levator labii superioris; upper lip and wing of nose
The rhomboids work collectively with the levator scapulae muscles to elevate the medial border of the scapula, downwardly rotating the scapula with respect to the glenohumeral joint. Antagonists to this function (upward rotators of the scapulae) are the serratus anterior and lower fibers of the trapezius.
Muscles Scapular retraction [10] (aka scapular adduction) The scapula is moved posteriorly and medially along the back, moving the arm and shoulder joint posteriorly. Retracting both scapulae gives a sensation of "squeezing the shoulder blades together." rhomboideus major, minor, and trapezius Scapular protraction [10] (aka scapular abduction)
The serratus anterior is occasionally called the "big swing muscle" or "boxer's muscle" [5] because it is largely responsible for the protraction of the scapula — that is, the pulling of the scapula forward and around the rib cage that occurs when someone throws a punch.
External rotation (lateral rotation or extorsion) is rotation away from the center of the body, [22] carried out by external rotators. Internal and external rotators make up the rotator cuff , a group of muscles that help to stabilize the shoulder joint .
Additional muscle deficits can contraindicate tendon transfer, namely the serratus anterior muscle or the muscles-to-be-transferred themselves. Serratus anterior muscle deficit is another cause of scapular winging and decreases the efficacy of an Eden–Lange procedure, but it can be overcome with a simultaneous pectoralis major transfer .