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[1] [47] At high doses, due to their antigonadotropic effects, progestogens can cause low sex hormone levels and associated side effects like diminished secondary sexual characteristics, sexual dysfunction (e.g., reduced sex drive and erectile dysfunction), reversible infertility, reduced bone mineral density, and an increased risk of bone ...
Natural pregnancy before the age of 20 has been associated with a 50% lifetime reduction in the risk of breast cancer. [56] Pseudopregnancy has been found to produce decreases in risk of mammary gland tumors in rodents similar to those of natural pregnancy, implicating high levels of estrogen and progesterone in this effect.
Transgender, nonbinary, and intersex people are underserved by current contraceptive options. For example, many trans men can become pregnant (both intentionally and unintentionally), [226] but may prefer not to use estrogen- or progestin-containing hormonal birth control (both because of the social classification of these hormones as "female ...
Different forms of birth control have different potential side effects. Not all, or even most, users will experience side effects from a method. The less effective the method, the greater the risk of pregnancy, and the side effects associated with pregnancy. Minimal or no side effects occur with coitus interruptus, fertility awareness-based ...
A prescription for levonorgestrel is not needed and can be found over the counter at local pharmacies. [45] Because levonorgestrel does not have any life-threatening side effects, it has been approved by the FDA for use by all age groups. [45] The Yuzpe regimen used combination oral contraceptives for EC and has been used since 1974. [41]
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a type of medication which affects gonadotropins and sex hormones. [1] They are used for a variety of indications including in fertility medicine and to lower sex hormone levels in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers such as prostate cancer and breast cancer, certain gynecological disorders like heavy periods and endometriosis ...
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), also known as stilbestrol or stilboestrol, is a nonsteroidal estrogen medication, which is presently rarely used. [5] [6] [7] In the past, it was widely used for a variety of indications, including pregnancy support for those with a history of recurrent miscarriage, hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and estrogen deficiency, treatment of prostate cancer and ...
Common side effects include menstrual disturbances such as absence of periods, abdominal pain, and headaches. [10] More serious side effects include bone loss, blood clots, allergic reactions, and liver problems. [10] Use is not recommended during pregnancy as it may harm the baby. [10]