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Juvenile, in this context, refers to disease onset before 16 years of age, while idiopathic refers to a condition with no defined cause, and arthritis is inflammation within the joint. [4] JIA is an autoimmune, noninfective, inflammatory joint disease, the cause of which remains poorly understood. It is characterised by chronic joint inflammation.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting about 237 million people or 3.3% of the world's population, as of 2015. [4] [12] It becomes more common as people age. [1] Among those over 60 years old, about 10% of males and 18% of females are affected. [2] Osteoarthritis is the cause of about 2% of years lived with disability. [12]
The strongest predictor of osteoarthritis is increased age, likely due to the declining ability of chondrocytes to maintain the structural integrity of cartilage. [69] More than 30 percent of women have some degree of osteoarthritis by age 65. Other risk factors for osteoarthritis include prior joint trauma, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. [70]
Heberden's nodes are hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes). [1] They are a sign of osteoarthritis and are caused by formation of osteophytes (calcific spurs) of the articular (joint) cartilage in response to repeated trauma at the joint.
Multiple long-term conditions by age 50 in diabetes ... We confirmed that this is a major challenge that emerges even in young and middle adulthood,” he added. Hypertension, CHD, osteoarthritis ...
Cartilage in the knee may begin to break down after sustained stress, leaving the bones of the knee rubbing against each other and resulting in osteoarthritis. [7] Nearly a third of US citizens are affected by osteoarthritis of the knee by age 70. [8] Obesity is a known and very significant risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis. [9]
In osteoarthritis, catabolic factors promote the degradation of articular cartilage and decrease the total cell content of cartilage. [17] While the body is young, anabolic factors are able to replace the lost cartilage and cartilage producing cells, however, this ability appears to decrease with age.
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