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The Linux kernel is a free and open source, [12]: 4 UNIX-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system (OS) which was created to be a free replacement for Unix.
Linux distributions that have highly modified kernels — for example, real-time computing kernels — should be listed separately. There are also a wide variety of minor BSD operating systems, many of which can be found at comparison of BSD operating systems.
Multiserver Microkernel (Hurd kernel) or Monolithic (Linux-libre kernel, fork of Linux kernel, and other kernels which are not part of the GNU Project) C: 1:1 Unix-like: 2.4 on Linux-libre kernel (not on Hurd kernel) Linux: ReactOS: GPL, LGPL Hybrid C, C++ Windows-like: No RISC OS: Apache 2.0 Monolithic (with cooperative multitasking) ARM ...
Linux API, Linux ABI, and in-kernel APIs and ABIs. The Linux kernel provides multiple interfaces to user-space and kernel-mode code that are used for varying purposes and that have varying properties by design. There are two types of application programming interface (API) in the Linux kernel: the "kernel–user space" API; and; the "kernel ...
In the Unix model, the operating system consists of two parts: first, the huge collection of utility programs that drive most operations; second, the kernel that runs the programs. [49] Under Unix, from a programming standpoint, the distinction between the two is fairly thin; the kernel is a program, running in supervisor mode, [c] that acts as ...
The kernel's job was reduced from essentially being the operating system to running the "utilities" and providing them access to the hardware. The existence of ports and the use of IPC is perhaps the most fundamental difference between Mach and traditional kernels. Under UNIX, calling the kernel consists of an operation named a system call or trap.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 December 2024. Family of Unix-like operating systems This article is about the family of operating systems. For the kernel, see Linux kernel. For other uses, see Linux (disambiguation). Operating system Linux Tux the penguin, the mascot of Linux Developer Community contributors, Linus Torvalds Written ...
A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture with the entire operating system running in kernel space. The monolithic model differs from other architectures such as the microkernel [ 1 ] [ 2 ] in that it alone defines a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware .