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Papal privileges resembled dispensations, since both involved exceptions to the ordinary operations of the law. But whereas "dispensations exempt[ed] some person or group from legal obligations binding on the rest of the population or class to which they belong," [ 1 ] "[p]rivileges bestowed a positive favour not generally enjoyed by most people."
At present, the Pope makes use of this right only in certain defined circumstances. The bishop's power is further restricted at times to confirming an election or postulation; or to approving candidates presented by one who enjoys the right of presentation by privilege, custom, or prescription.
The right of institution to major benefices rests in the pope, but in the case of minor benefices it may belong to a bishop and his vicar-general, to a vicar capitular, or even to other ecclesiastics, in virtue of a foundation title dating from before the Council of Trent, [3] or of a privilege, or of prescription.
The Canon of Medicine (Arabic: القانون في الطب, romanized: al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb; Persian: قانون در طب, romanized: Qānun dar Teb; Latin: Canon Medicinae) is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Persian physician-philosopher Avicenna (ابن سینا, ibn Sina) and completed in 1025. [1]
The distinction between the legal status of an institute of diocesan right and an institute of pontifical right was permanently drawn on 8 December 1900 by Conditae a Christo Ecclesiae [Latin, “Founded by the Church of Christ”], the apostolic constitution of Pope Leo XIII.
Papal dispensation is a reserved right of the pope that allows for individuals to be exempted from a specific Canon law. Dispensations are divided into two categories: general, and matrimonial. Matrimonial dispensations can be either to allow a marriage in the first place, or to dissolve one.
In 1983 CIC canon 331, the "bishop of the Roman Church" is both the "vicar of Christ" and "pastor of the universal Church on earth". [12] Knut Walf, in New commentary on the Code of Canon Law, notes that this description, "bishop of the Roman Church", is only found in this canon, and the term Roman pontiff is generally used in 1983 CIC. [13]
Such a diploma was often held as evidence of the 'religious' character of a young graduate. The authenticity of the doctoral privileges, issued by the Collegio di Salerno, was attested by the notary, and was necessary to teach the subject. A doctorate not only had the examination date but also the year of the Pope's accession.