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Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), alternatively known as phosphoglucose isomerase/phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) or phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), is an enzyme ( EC 5.3.1.9) that in humans is encoded by the GPI gene on chromosome 19. [4] This gene encodes a member of the glucose phosphate isomerase protein family.
Glucose isomerase (also known as xylose isomerase) catalyzes the conversion of D-xylose and D-glucose to D-xylulose and D-fructose. Like most sugar isomerases, glucose isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of aldoses and ketoses. [24] The conversion of glucose to fructose is a key component of high-fructose corn syrup production.
Hyperglycemic clamp technique: The plasma glucose concentration is acutely raised to 125 mg/dl above basal levels by a continuous infusion of glucose. This hyperglycemic plateau is maintained by adjustment of a variable glucose infusion, based on the rate of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. Because the plasma glucose concentration is ...
The isomerase has now been observed in nearly a hundred species of bacteria. [2] Xylose-isomerases are also commonly called glucose isomerase or fructose isomerases due to their ability to interconvert glucose and fructose. The systematic name of this enzyme class is α-D-xylopyranose aldose-ketose-isomerase. Other names in common use include D ...
In enzymology, a glucuronate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-glucuronate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-fructuronate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate , D-glucuronate , and one product , D-fructuronate .
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate, and one product, beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase.
Glucose 6-phosphatase-β is a ubiquitously expressed, 346-amino acid membrane protein that shares 36% sequence identity with glucose 6-phosphatase-α. Within the glucose 6-phosphatase-β enzyme, sequence alignments predict that its active site contains His167, His114, and Arg79.
If the medium in the anaerobic tube turns yellow, then the bacteria are fermenting glucose. If the tube with oil doesn't turn yellow, but the open tube does turn yellow, then the bacterium is oxidizing glucose. If the tube with mineral oil doesn't change, and the open tube turns blue, then the organism neither ferments, nor oxidizes glucose.