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Measurements of speech tempo can be strongly affected by pauses and hesitations. For this reason, it is usual to distinguish between speech tempo including pauses and hesitations and speech tempo excluding them. The former is called speaking rate and the latter articulation rate. [2] Various units of speech have been used as a basis for ...
An example of an agglutinative language, the average rate of Turkish speech is reported to be about 220 syllables per minute. When the time spent for the silent parts of speech are removed, the so-called average articulation rate reaches 310 syllables per minute. [21] The average number of syllables per (written) word has been measured as 2.6.
The voiced speech of a typical adult male will have a fundamental frequency from 90 to 155 Hz, and that of a typical adult female from 165 to 255 Hz. [3] Thus, the fundamental frequency of most speech falls below the bottom of the voice frequency band as defined.
This is extremely useful in the understanding of speech production because speech can be transcribed based on sounds rather than spelling, which may be misleading depending on the language being spoken. Average speaking rates are in the 120 to 150 words per minute (wpm) range, and same is the recommended guidelines for recording audiobooks.
Cluttering is a speech and communication disorder that has also been described as a fluency disorder. [1]It is defined as: Cluttering is a fluency disorder characterized by a rate that is perceived to be abnormally rapid, irregular, or both for the speaker (although measured syllable rates may not exceed normal limits).
In speech language pathology it means the smoothness or flow with which sounds, syllables, words and phrases are joined when speaking quickly. [2] It refers to "continuity, smoothness, rate, and effort in speech production". [1] The term fluency disorder has been used as a collective term for cluttering and stuttering since at least 1993. [1]
In speech communication, intelligibility is a measure of how comprehensible speech is in given conditions. Intelligibility is affected by the level (loud but not too loud) and quality of the speech signal, the type and level of background noise, reverberation (some reflections but not too many), and, for speech over communication devices, the properties of the communication system.
Fluency may be developed by selecting a slow rate of speech, and making use of short phrases and sentences. With success, the speed may be increased until a natural rate of smooth speech is achieved. [9] Additionally, punishment for incorrect speech production should be eliminated, and a permissive speaking environment encouraged.