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Transformation of three phase electrical quantities to two phase quantities is a usual practice to simplify analysis of three phase electrical circuits. Polyphase a.c machines can be represented by an equivalent two phase model provided the rotating polyphases winding in rotor and the stationary polyphase windings in stator can be expressed in a fictitious two axes coils.
In electrical engineering, electric machine is a general term for machines using electromagnetic forces, such as electric motors, electric generators, and others. They are electromechanical energy converters: an electric motor converts electricity to mechanical power while an electric generator converts mechanical power to electricity.
The circle diagram (also known as Heyland diagram or Heyland circle) is the graphical representation of the performance of the electrical machine [1] [2] [3] drawn in terms of the locus of the machine's input voltage and current. [4] It was first conceived by Alexander Heyland in 1894 and Bernhard Arthur Behrend in 1895.
The Hawkins Electrical Guide was a technical engineering book written by Nehemiah Hawkins, first published in 1914, intended to explain the highly complex principles of the new technology of electricity in a way that could be understood by the common man.
When the machine or motor is used as a motor, this EMF opposes the armature current, and the armature converts electrical power to mechanical power in the form of torque, and transfers it via the shaft. When the machine is used as a generator, the armature EMF drives the armature current, and the shaft's movement is converted to electrical power.
Electrostatic machines are typically used in science classrooms to safely demonstrate electrical forces and high voltage phenomena. The elevated potential differences achieved have been also used for a variety of practical applications, such as operating X-ray tubes, particle accelerators, spectroscopy, medical applications, sterilization of food, and nuclear physics experiments.
English: The Electrical Experimenter, Volume 3 — May 1915 – April 1916 Published by: Experimenter Pub. Co., Editor: Hugo Gernsback Issues for -July 1920 called also, -whole no. 87 Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 12 (Apr. 1914); title from cover Latest issue consulted: v. 8, no.3 (July 1920)
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