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Analog multimeter Digital multimeter. A multimeter (also known as a volt-ohm-milliammeter, volt-ohmmeter or VOM) [1] is a measuring instrument that can measure multiple electrical properties. [2] [3] A typical multimeter can measure voltage, resistance, and current, [4] in which case can be used as a voltmeter, ohmmeter, and ammeter.
A current–voltage characteristic or I–V curve (current–voltage curve) is a relationship, typically represented as a chart or graph, between the electric current through a circuit, device, or material, and the corresponding voltage, or potential difference, across it.
The source measure unit (SMU), or source-measurement unit, is an electronic instrument that is capable of both sourcing and measuring at the same time. It can precisely force voltage or current and simultaneously measure precise voltage and/or current. An SMU instrument can source and sink power in all four quadrants.
Figure 2.2 shows a graph representation of the circuit in figure 2.1. [22] Graphs used in network analysis are usually, in addition, both directed graphs, to capture the direction of current flow and voltage, and labelled graphs, to capture the uniqueness of the branches and nodes. For instance, a graph consisting of a square of branches would ...
A current source is an electronic circuit that delivers or absorbs an electric current which is independent of the voltage across it. A current source is the dual of a voltage source. The term current sink is sometimes used for sources fed from a negative voltage supply.
Instruments permanently mounted in a panel are used to monitor generators or other fixed apparatus. Portable instruments, usually equipped to also measure current and resistance in the form of a multimeter are standard test instruments used in electrical and electronics work. Any measurement that can be converted to a voltage can be displayed ...
The clamp measures the current and other circuitry the voltage; the true power is the product of the instantaneous voltage and current integrated over a cycle. Comprehensive meters designed to measure many parameters of electrical energy ( power factor , distortion , instantaneous power as a function of time, phase relationships, etc.), use ...
[2] The Petersen graph is the derived graph for a -voltage graph in the shape of a dumbbell with two vertices and three edges: one edge connecting the two vertices, and one self-loop on each vertex. One self-loop is labeled with 1, the other with 2, and the edge connecting the two vertices is labeled 0.