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Potassium bicarbonate has widespread use in crops, especially for neutralizing acidic soil. [11]Potassium bicarbonate is an effective fungicide against powdery mildew and apple scab, allowed for use in organic farming.
Bordeaux mixture (also called Bordo Mix) is a mixture of copper(II) sulphate (CuSO 4) and quicklime (Ca O) used as a fungicide. It is used in vineyards, fruit-farms, vegetable-farms and gardens to prevent infestations of downy mildew, powdery mildew and other fungi. It is sprayed on plants as a preventive treatment; its mode of action is ...
There are numerous fungicides on the market for controlling early blight. Some of the fungicides on the market are (azoxystrobin), pyraclostrobin, Bacillus subtilis, chlorothalonil, copper products, hydrogen dioxide (Hydroperoxyl), mancozeb, potassium bicarbonate, and ziram. [16] Specific spraying regiments are found on the label.
Copper fungicides can be highly effective if applied prophylactically and with complete coverage of all plant foliar surfaces, including the undersides of leaves where the pathogen typically sporulates. [11] Copper pesticides must be used in quantities that minimizes long term copper accumulation in the soil.
As a result, fungicides are used on 85–90% of all pecan acreage in southeastern states annually. Fenbuconazole, propiconazole, and TPTH are the primary fungicides used in the southeast for scab control. [132] In the southwest however fungicides are rarely used because the dry growing conditions are not conducive to growth of pecan scab.
These measures use the natural environment to enhance agricultural productivity: legumes are planted to fix nitrogen into the soil, natural insect predators are encouraged, crops are rotated to confuse pests and renew soil, and natural materials such as potassium bicarbonate [48] and mulches are used to control disease and weeds.
For smallholder farmers, this can be cost-prohibitive. Copper-based fungicides, such as Bordeaux mixture, have proven to be effective and economical, and work best when applied at inoculum levels below 10%. [3] [12] Typically copper-based mixtures are used as preventative measures and systemic fungicides are used as curative measures. [8]
A soil test may be done to analyze the chemistry of a potting mix, despite the mix not necessarily being made of soil. As an approximation for indoor home planting, the mix is generally treated as greenhouse growth medium. The main method is a saturated media extract (SME), which tests the chemical contents of a water extract of the mix. [13] [15]