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Dexmedetomidine, sold under the brand name Precedex among others, is a medication used for sedation. [4] Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder . [ 5 ]
Minimum alveolar concentration or MAC is the concentration, often expressed as a percentage by volume, of a vapour in the alveoli of the lungs that is needed to prevent movement (motor response) in 50% of subjects in response to surgical (pain) stimulus.
The ICU method uses the Level of Service concept, in which reports on the amount of reserved capacity or capacity deficit. In order to calculate the Level of Service for the ICU method, the ICU for an intersection must be computed first. [3] ICU can be computed by: ICU = sum(max (tMin, v/si) * CL + tLi) / CL = Intersection Capacity Utilization
Medetomidine is a racemic mixture of two optical or stereoisomers, levomedetomidine and dexmedetomidine. [4] The latter causes the alpha 2- adrenergic agonist effects. [5] It is often used as the hydrochloride salt, medetomidine hydrochloride, a crystalline white solid that can be administered as an intravenous drug solution with sterile water.
PS75 is an experimental analgesic drug which acts as a functionally selective alpha-2A adrenergic agonist, with a K i of 8.2nM and an EC 50 of 4.8nM at the α 2A receptor. In animal studies it was found to produce analgesia but without the sedation typical of older drugs acting at this target such as dexmedetomidine.
It is however mostly used in mechanically ventilated patients in order to avoid over and under-sedation. Obtaining a RASS score is the first step in administering the Confusion Assessment Method in the ICU (CAM-ICU), [4] a tool to detect delirium in intensive care unit patients. The RASS is one of many sedation scales used in medicine.
The dose range advised by the manufacturers is 20–40 μg/kg intravenous for moderate sedation, but this dose may need to be higher if given intramuscularly. When given intravenously, detomidine usually takes effect in 2–5 minutes, and recovery is full within 30–60 minutes.
model to assess risk of death at ICU admission; has prediction models for assessment at admittance, 24h, 48h and 72h after; RIFLE - Risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage kidney classification [2] has 3 severity levels (risk, injury and failure) and 2 possible outcomes (loss and end-stage) CP - Child–Pugh score [2] for patient with liver ...