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Example clusterings for a dataset with the kMeans (left) and Mean shift (right) algorithms. The calculated Adjusted Rand index for these two clusterings is . The Rand index [1] or Rand measure (named after William M. Rand) in statistics, and in particular in data clustering, is a measure of the similarity between two data clusterings.
In computer science, random-access machine (RAM or RA-machine) is a model of computation that describes an abstract machine in the general class of register machines.The RA-machine is very similar to the counter machine but with the added capability of 'indirect addressing' of its registers.
MATLAB (an abbreviation of "MATrix LABoratory" [22]) is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks.MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages.
A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), also known as a deterministic random bit generator (DRBG), [1] is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate the properties of sequences of random numbers.
Formally, let S and T be finite sets and let F = {f: S → T} be a class of functions. A distribution D over S is ε- pseudorandom against F if for every f in F , the statistical distance between the distributions f ( X ) {\displaystyle f(X)} and f ( Y ) {\displaystyle f(Y)} , where X {\displaystyle X} is sampled from D and Y {\displaystyle Y ...
In applied mathematics, test functions, known as artificial landscapes, are useful to evaluate characteristics of optimization algorithms, such as convergence rate, precision, robustness and general performance.
Reference class forecasting is a method for taking an outside view on planned actions. Reference class forecasting for a specific project involves the following three steps: Identify a reference class of past, similar projects. Establish a probability distribution for the selected reference class for the parameter that is being forecast.
More specifically, the singleton pattern allows classes to: [2] Ensure they only have one instance; Provide easy access to that instance; Control their instantiation (for example, hiding the constructors of a class) The term comes from the mathematical concept of a singleton.