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The earliest reference to the word "lyre" is the Mycenaean Greek ru-ra-ta-e, meaning "lyrists" and written in the Linear B script. [5] In classical Greek, the word "lyre" could either refer specifically to an amateur instrument, which is a smaller version of the professional cithara and eastern-Aegean barbiton, or "lyre" can refer generally to all three instruments as a family. [6]
In the 9th century, one of the instruments that cythara was actively used to name was a large plucked or strummed instrument; pictures show it being played with a plectrum. [2] Pictures of the instrument illustrated in the Stuttgart Psalter all have the word "cythara" near the instrument in the text. [ 2 ]
The designs are made of shell inlay on bitumen. [4] The first panel shows a man wrestling two bulls with human heads. The second shows a hyena serving meat and a lion bearing a jar. The third shows an equine animal playing a bull shaped lyre, while a bear supports the lyre, and another animal holds a rattle.
Guitar-like instrument, most commonly with ten strings in two courses and made from an armadillo back 321.321-6: Philippines: Kudyapi [115] rondalla plucked chordophone with 14 strings tuned F# B E A D G. 321.321: Polynesia: nose flute [116] Flute, made from a single piece of bamboo, with three holes to blow into from the nostrils, with ...
The Gold Lyre of Ur now held in the Iraq Museum is a partial reconstruction; the original was destroyed in the looting that followed the US invasion of Baghdad during the second Iraq War. [126] Musicologist Samuel Dorf details the event: [126] In early April of 2003, the museum was looted. The lyre went missing, only to be found in pieces.
All surviving pictures of crwth players show a playing position with the lower end of the crwth braced against the chest, supported with a strap around the player's neck (see picture). The sound of the crwth was described by medieval poet Gruffydd ap Dafydd ap Hywel as 'in the hand a hundred voices' (yn y llaw yn gan llais'), referring to the ...
Soundboards were made of goatskin, glued to the body with a paste made of tamarind seeds. [6] The sound bar beneath the soundboard, which the strings anchor to, was glued to the instrument's body with a lacquer called Arakku. [6] Kinnara playing a yazh, Kailasanathar Temple in Kanchipuram, India, ca. 8th century C.E. [7]
The earliest known Norse literary mentions of a harp or lyre date to the Eddic poem Völuspá, though not as a bowed instrument.There have been attempts to interpret as talharpa the iconography, that show Gunnar charming the snakes in the snake pit with a harpa-like instrument (also don't include a bow and instrument is in a very different shape) and a stone carving at the Trondheim Cathedral ...