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2. Parity (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_(mathematics)

   Even and odd numbers have opposite parities, e.g., 22 (even number) and 13 (odd number) have opposite parities. In particular, the parity of zero is even. [2] Any two consecutive integers have opposite parity. A number (i.e., integer) expressed in the decimal numeral system is even or odd according to whether its last digit is even or odd. That ...

3. Divisibility rule - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisibility_rule

   If the number of digits is even, add the first and subtract the last digit from the rest. The result must be divisible by 11. 918,082: the number of digits is even (6) → 1808 + 9 − 2 = 1815: 81 + 1 − 5 = 77 = 7 × 11. If the number of digits is odd, subtract the first and last digit from the rest. The result must be divisible by 11.

4. Even and odd ordinals - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even_and_odd_ordinals

   The successor of an even ordinal is odd, and vice versa. [1] [2] Let α = λ + n, where λ is a limit ordinal and n is a natural number. The parity of α is the parity of n. [3] Let n be the finite term of the Cantor normal form of α. The parity of α is the parity of n. [4] Let α = ωβ + n, where n is a natural number.

5. Parity of zero - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_of_zero

   A number n is odd if there is an integer k such that n = 2k + 1. One way to prove that zero is not odd is by contradiction: if 0 = 2k + 1 then k = −1/2, which is not an integer. [15] Since zero is not odd, if an unknown number is proven to be odd, then it cannot be zero.

6. Collatz conjecture - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture

   The number is taken to be 'odd' or 'even' according to whether its numerator is odd or even. Then the formula for the map is exactly the same as when the domain is the integers: an 'even' such rational is divided by 2; an 'odd' such rational is multiplied by 3 and then 1 is added.

7. Even and odd functions - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even_and_odd_functions

   That implies that product of any number of even functions is an even function as well. The product of two odd functions is an even function. The product of an even function and an odd function is an odd function. The quotient of two even functions is an even function. The quotient of two odd functions is an even function.