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Monoamine oxidase A, also known as MAO-A, is an enzyme (E.C. 1.4.3.4) that in humans is encoded by the MAOA gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This gene is one of two neighboring gene family members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amines , such as dopamine , norepinephrine , and serotonin .
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as effective antidepressants , especially for treatment-resistant depression and atypical depression . [ 1 ]
Monoamine oxidases (MAO) (EC 1.4.3.4) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines, employing oxygen to clip off their amine group. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types of the body.
[19] [13] [49] [47] [50] [51] Brain MAO-B levels recover slowly upon discontinuation of selegiline, with a half-time of brain MAO-B synthesis and recovery of approximately 40 days in humans. [19] [48] Selegiline inhibits MAO-B by 50% at a very low concentration of 26 pg/mL in vivo, indicating that it is a very potent MAO-B inhibitor. [36]
Tranylcypromine, sold under the brand name Parnate among others, [1] is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). [4] [7] More specifically, tranylcypromine acts as nonselective and irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO).
It is a dual or non-selective irreversible monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, with preference for inhibition of MAO-B over MAO-A. [3] [4] It is less selective for MAO-B inhibition than AGN-1135 (racemic rasagiline) or rasagiline. [3]
After release into the synaptic cleft, monoamine neurotransmitter action is ended by reuptake into the presynaptic terminal. There, they can be repackaged into synaptic vesicles or degraded by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), which is a target of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, a class of antidepressants. [citation needed]
It inhibits both of the respective isoforms of MAO, MAO-A and MAO-B, and does so almost equally, with a slight preference for the former. By inhibiting MAO, phenelzine prevents the breakdown of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin , melatonin , norepinephrine , epinephrine , and dopamine , as well as the trace amine neuromodulators such as ...