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  2. Glyoxylate cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_cycle

    The glyoxylate cycle, ... The seed cannot produce biomass using photosynthesis because of lack of an organ to perform this function. The lipid stores of germinating ...

  3. Glyoxysome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxysome

    Besides peroxisomal functions, glyoxysomes possess additionally the key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle (isocitrate lyase and malate synthase) which accomplish the glyoxylate cycle bypass. [ 2 ] Thus, glyoxysomes (as all peroxisomes) contain enzymes that initiate the breakdown of fatty acids and additionally possess the enzymes to produce ...

  4. Warburg effect (plant physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warburg_effect_(plant...

    In plant physiology, the Warburg effect is the decrease in the rate of photosynthesis due to high oxygen concentrations. [1] [2] Oxygen is a competitive inhibitor of carbon dioxide fixation by RuBisCO which initiates photosynthesis. Furthermore, oxygen stimulates photorespiration which reduces photosynthetic output. These two mechanisms working ...

  5. Photorespiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photorespiration

    C 2 photosynthesis (also called glycine shuttle and photorespiratory CO 2 pump) is a CCM that works by making use of – as opposed to avoiding – photorespiration. It performs carbon refixation by delaying the breakdown of photorespired glycine, so that the molecule is shuttled from the mesophyll into the bundle sheath .

  6. Oxaloacetic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxaloacetic_acid

    The glyoxylate cycle is a variant of the citric acid cycle. [4] It is an anabolic pathway occurring in plants and bacteria utilizing the enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. Some intermediate steps of the cycle are slightly different from the citric acid cycle; nevertheless oxaloacetate has the same function in both processes. [1]

  7. Isocitrate lyase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocitrate_lyase

    Isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1), or ICL, is an enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle that catalyzes the cleavage of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate. [2] [3] Together with malate synthase, it bypasses the two decarboxylation steps of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and is used by bacteria, fungi, and plants.

  8. Glyoxylic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylic_acid

    The glyoxylate cycle is also important for induction of plant defense mechanisms in response to fungi. [15] The glyoxylate cycle is initiated through the activity of isocitrate lyase, which converts isocitrate into glyoxylate and succinate. Research is being done to co-opt the pathway for a variety of uses such as the biosynthesis of succinate ...

  9. Glyoxylate reductase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_reductase

    Glyoxylate is an important component of the glyoxylate cycle, a variant of the citric acid cycle, whereby acetyl-CoA is converted to succinate and then other carbohydrates in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi. Studies have been conducted to trace the genes for the glyoxylate cycle enzymes to animals.