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  2. Crest and trough - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crest_and_trough

    A crest is a point on a surface wave where the displacement of the medium is at a maximum. A trough is the opposite of a crest, so the minimum or lowest point of the wave. When the crests and troughs of two sine waves of equal amplitude and frequency intersect or collide, while being in phase with each other, the result is called constructive ...

  3. Transverse wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_wave

    Transverse waves are contrasted with longitudinal waves, where the oscillations occur in the direction of the wave. The standard example of a longitudinal wave is a sound wave or "pressure wave" in gases, liquids, or solids, whose oscillations cause compression and expansion of the material through which the wave is propagating.

  4. Ripple marks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripple_marks

    Crest and trough Crest The point on a wave with the maximum value or height. It is the location at the peak of the wave cycle as shown in picture to the right. Trough The opposite of a crest, so the minimum value or height in a wave. It is the location at the very lowest point of a wave cycle also shown in picture to right. Lee

  5. Wave height - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_height

    In physical oceanography, the significant wave height (SWH, HTSGW [3] or H s) is defined traditionally as the mean wave height (trough to crest) of the highest third of the waves (H 1/3). It is usually defined as four times the standard deviation of the surface elevation – or equivalently as four times the square root of the zeroth-order ...

  6. Longitudinal wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_wave

    "Longitudinal waves" and "transverse waves" have been abbreviated by some authors as "L-waves" and "T-waves", respectively, for their own convenience. [1] While these two abbreviations have specific meanings in seismology (L-wave for Love wave [2] or long wave [3]) and electrocardiography (see T wave), some authors chose to use "ℓ-waves" (lowercase 'L') and "t-waves" instead, although they ...

  7. Significant wave height - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_wave_height

    Significant wave height H 1/3, or H s or H sig, as determined in the time domain, directly from the time series of the surface elevation, is defined as the average height of that one-third of the N measured waves having the greatest heights: [5] / = = where H m represents the individual wave heights, sorted into descending order of height as m increases from 1 to N.

  8. Ship resistance and propulsion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_resistance_and_propulsion

    However, the transverse waves appear as troughs and crests along the length of a ship and constitute the major part of the wave-making resistance of a ship. The energy associated with the transverse wave system travels at one half the phase velocity or the group velocity of the waves. The prime mover of the vessel must put additional energy ...

  9. Hull speed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_speed

    Hull speed or displacement speed is the speed at which the wavelength of a vessel's bow wave is equal to the waterline length of the vessel. As boat speed increases from rest, the wavelength of the bow wave increases, and usually its crest-to-trough dimension (height) increases as well. When hull speed is exceeded, a vessel in displacement mode ...