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Populus trichocarpa, the black cottonwood, [1] western balsam-poplar [2] or California poplar, is a deciduous broadleaf tree species native to western North America. It is used for timber , and is notable as a model organism in plant biology .
The altitudinal range of T. californica is from near sea level (but usually above 200 m) in the Coast Ranges to 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in the Sierra Nevada. [1] This shade-adapted, subcanopy tree is native to mountainous habitats in either the California Coast Ranges or the west slopes of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges in California, which are distant from the coast.
The "Henley Oak", in Covelo, California, is the tallest known valley oak, at 47 m (153 ft). [7] [8] The branches have an irregular, spreading and arching appearance. During autumn, the leaves turn a yellow to light orange color but become brown later in the season. In advancing age, the branches droop. The trees have pewter-colored rippled bark ...
Some California native plants are in rapid decline in their native habitat due to urban sprawl, agriculture, overgrazing, recreational impacts, pollution, and invasive non-native species (invasive exotics) colonization pressures (animals and other kingdoms of life, as well as plants).
Trees are long lived, with an estimated lifespan between 250–280 (300 maximum) years. The leaves are dark green, palmately compound with five (rarely seven) leaflets. Each leaflet is 6–17 cm (2.4–6.7 in) long, with a finely toothed margin and (particularly in spring) downy surfaces.
Rabbits and rodents can cause injury to the thin bark and twigs of young trees. When snow covers food sources normally sought during winter, these animals often move into home lawns in search of food.
Extreme drought and bark beetles now threaten California's Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, home to Methuselah, a 4,853-year-old bristlecone pine.
Shaggy falling shanks or ribbons of bark are one of the strongest characteristics of the Adenostoma sparsifolium tree, hence the common names. As the species name "sparsifolium" suggests, it has tiny, filamentous leaves. Redshanks are closely related to the more abundant Chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum).