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Euglenoids are distinguished mainly by the presence of a type of cell covering called a pellicle. Within its taxon, the pellicle is one of the euglenoids' most diverse morphological features. [7] The pellicle is composed of proteinaceous strips underneath the cell membrane, supported by dorsal and ventral microtubules. This varies from rigid to ...
Euglena is a genus of single cell flagellate eukaryotes. It is the best known and most widely studied member of the class Euglenoidea, a diverse group containing some 54 genera and at least 200 species. [1] [2] Species of Euglena are found in fresh water and salt water.
The 16-cell Gonium colony shown in the diagram on the right is organized into two concentric squares of respectively 4 and 12 cells, each biflagellated, held together by an extracellular matrix. [51] All flagella point out on the same side: It exhibits a much lower symmetry than Volvox, lacking anterior-posterior symmetry.
On the inner periplast part there may be seen intermembrane particles that penetrate the plasma membrane into the protoplasm. These intermembrane particles are larger around the plate boundaries. [1] The Dinophyceae has a cell covering called the amphiesma–cisternae-like vesicles in a thecal form structure.
Euglenales consists mostly of freshwater organisms, in contrast to its sister Eutreptiales which is generally marine. Cells have two flagella, but only one is emergent; the other is very short and does not emerge from the cell, so cells appear to have only one flagellum. [3]
Pellicle (biology), a thin layer supporting the cell membrane in various protozoa; Pellicle mirror, a thin plastic membrane which may be used as a beam splitter or protective cover in optical systems; Pellicle (dental), the thin layer of salivary glycoproteins deposited on the teeth of many species through normal biologic processes
Peranema cells are gliding flagellates found in freshwater lakes, ponds and ditches, and are often abundant at the bottom of stagnant pools rich in decaying organic material. [2] Although they belong to the class Euglenoidea , and are morphologically similar to the green Euglena , Peranema have no chloroplasts , and do not conduct autotrophy .
[1] In ciliates, the anal pore (cytopyge) and cytostome are the only regions of the pellicle that are not covered by ridges, cilia or rigid covering. They serve as analogues of, respectively, the anus and mouth of multicellular organisms. The cytopyge's thin membrane allows vacuoles to be merged into the cell wall and emptied. [citation needed]