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A medieval depiction of the Ecumene (1482, Johannes Schnitzer, engraver), constructed after the coordinates in Ptolemy's Geography and using his second map projection. The translation into Latin and dissemination of Geography in Europe, in the beginning of the 15th century, marked the rebirth of scientific cartography, after more than a millennium of stagnation.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cartography: Cartography (also called mapmaking) – study and practice of making and using maps or globes. Maps have traditionally been made using pen and paper, but the advent and spread of computers has revolutionized cartography.
Computer cartography (also called digital cartography) is the art, science, and technology of making and using maps with a computer. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This technology represents a paradigm shift in how maps are produced, but is still fundamentally a subset of traditional cartography.
Pei is best known for his work in cartography. Although map making and use of the grid existed in China before him, [41]: 106–107 he was the first to mention a plotted geometrical grid and graduated scale displayed on the surface of maps to gain greater accuracy in the estimated distance between different locations.
The use of visual variables, especially size, value (darkness) and texture complexity are especially valuable in constructing a visual hierarchy, as is the wise use of negative space or white space. Balance : In its artistic sense, balance is the feeling of the layout being evenly distributed across the page.
During the first half of the 20th century, cartographers began to think seriously about how the features they drew depended on scale. Eduard Imhof, one of the most accomplished academic and professional cartographers at the time, published a study of city plans on maps at a variety of scales in 1937, itemizing several forms of generalization that occurred, including those later termed ...
For example, in 2005, Dr Alex Kent (former President of the British Cartographic Society) recommended: [16] It will thus be more useful to cartographers and the development of cartography in general to undertake further research towards understanding the role of aesthetics in cartography than to pursue universal principles.
For example, cartographers may simply omit military installations or remove features solely to enhance the clarity of the map. For example, a road map may not show railroads, smaller waterways, or other prominent non-road objects, and even if it does, it may show them less clearly (e.g. dashed or dotted lines/outlines) than the main roads.