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Researchers have investigated the relationship between race and genetics as part of efforts to understand how biology may or may not contribute to human racial categorization. Today, the consensus among scientists is that race is a social construct, and that using it as a proxy for genetic differences among populations is misleading. [1] [2]
Ian Haney López, the John H. Boalt Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley [29] explains ways race is a social construct. He uses examples from history of how race was socially constructed and interpreted. One such example was of the Hudgins v. Wright case. A slave woman sued for her freedom and the freedom of her two ...
The term race in biology is used with caution because it can be ambiguous. Generally, when it is used it is effectively a synonym of subspecies. [79] (For animals, the only taxonomic unit below the species level is usually the subspecies; [80] there are narrower infraspecific ranks in botany, and race does not
[15] [97] [98] Some of those who are critical of race as a biological concept see race as socially meaningful group that is important to study epidemiologically in order to reduce disparities. [99] For example, some racial groups are less likely than others to receive adequate treatment for osteoporosis, even after risk factors have been assessed.
The extended wording on the title page, which adds by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, uses the general terminology of biological races as an alternative for "varieties" such as "the several races, for instance, of the cabbage", and does not carry the modern connotation of human races.
At its core, it encourages discussions of race and racism in all of its complexities, from our country’s difficult history to the ripple effect that history still has on our world today ...
African American life expectancy at birth is persistently five to seven years lower than European Americans. [17] By 2018 that difference had shrunk to 3.6 years. [18] As of 2020, Hispanics had a life expectancy at birth of 78.8 years, followed by non-Hispanic Whites at 77.6 years and non-Hispanic blacks at 71.8 Years. [19]
Claims that Britain is still institutionally racist are not bourne out by the evidence, the Commission on Race and Ethnic disparities said. Overt racism persists, but issues around race ‘less ...