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[2] [3] [4] In testing 172 sheep, "The Mitochondrial DNA from three lambs in two half-sib families were found to show paternal inheritance." [5] An instance of paternal leakage resulted in a study on chickens. [6] There has been evidences that paternal leakage is an integral part of mitochondrial inheritance of Drosophila simulans. [7]
Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus, and, in plants and algae, the DNA also is found in plastids, such as chloroplasts. [3] Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. [4]
Sexual reproduction, where offspring result from the fusion of gametes from two parents, is the most common form of biparental inheritance. While less common, cases of biparental inheritance in extranuclear genes have been documented, such as biparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA, or chloroplast DNA in plants. [1]
In humans, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forms closed circular molecules that contain 16,569 [4] [5] DNA base pairs, [6] with each such molecule normally containing a full set of the mitochondrial genes. Each human mitochondrion contains, on average, approximately 5 such mtDNA molecules, with the quantity ranging between 1 and 15. [ 6 ]
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[1] At birth, all copies of mitochondrial DNA are thought to be identical in most humans. [2] Microheteroplasmy is mutations of up to about 2−5% of mitochondrial genomes, and is present in most adults. This refers to hundreds of independent mutations in one organism, with each mutation found in about 1–2% of all mitochondrial genomes. [3]
The mitochondrial DNA variation in isolated "relict" populations in southeast Asia supports the view that there was only a single dispersal from Africa. [15] The distribution of the earliest branches within haplogroups M, N, and R across Eurasia and Oceania provides additional evidence for a three-founder-mtDNA scenario and a single migration ...
The category contains articles about human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups. ... This page was last edited on 21 November 2023, at 13:49 (UTC).