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In the context of the Quran, the particular sense of 'sharing as an equal partner' is usually understood, so that polytheism means 'attributing a partner to God'. In the Quran, shirk and the related word mushrikūn (مشركون)—those who commit shirk and plot against Islam—often refer to the enemies of Islam (as in al-Tawbah verses 9:1–15).
Monotheism in Islam, known as Tawhid, is the religion's central and single most important concept, upon which a Muslim's entire religious adherence rests. Shirk , the act of ascribing partners to God – whether they be sons , daughters, or other partners – is considered to be a form of unbelief in Islam.
Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one god. [1] [2] [3] According to Oxford Reference, it is not easy to count gods, and so not always obvious whether an apparently polytheistic religion, such as Chinese Folk Religions, is really so, or whether the apparent different objects of worship are to be thought of as manifestations of a singular divinity. [1]
(literally 'religion') the way of life based on Islamic revelation; the sum total of a Muslim's faith and practice. Dīn is often used to mean the faith and religion of Islam. Diyyah (دية) "blood money", recompense for loss of a life. Div (دیو) "demon", hideous creatures in Muslim beliefs. Duʿāʾ (دعاء) personal prayer, supplication
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, [9] the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims , who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians .
Another key factor in the field of Islamic ethics is the belief (as described in the Qur'an) that all mankind has been granted the faculty to discern God's will , and thus the moral responsibility to submit to His will by following Islam, regardless of their environment.
[4] [page needed] According to The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Ethics, religion and morality "are to be defined differently and have no definitional connections with each other. Conceptually and in principle, morality and a religious value system are two distinct kinds of value systems or action guides."
Islamic debates about the ontological reality of divine attributes post-date Quranic theology [9] and find their background in Christian debates and discussions about the nature of the Trinity, in a manner asserted explicitly by Mu'tazilites as well as earlier Jewish sources, who often mention the two subjects in conjunction with one another.