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There is a substantial body of economic analysis concerning the construction of index numbers, desirable properties of index numbers and the relationship between index numbers and economic theory. [ citation needed ] A number indicating a change in magnitude, as of price, wage, employment, or production shifts, relative to the magnitude at a ...
For example, the debt to GDP ratio has units of years (as GDP is measured in, for example, dollars per year whereas debt is measured in dollars), which yields the interpretation of the debt to GDP ratio as "number of years to pay off all debt, assuming all GDP devoted to debt repayment". The ratio of a flow to a stock has units 1/time.
A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), Gross national income (GNI), net national income (NNI), and adjusted national income (NNI adjusted for natural resource depletion – also called as NNI at factor cost).
In economics, the debt-to-GDP ratio is the ratio between a country's government debt (measured in units of currency) and its gross domestic product (GDP) (measured in units of currency per year). A low debt-to-GDP ratio indicates that an economy produces goods and services sufficient to pay back debts without incurring further debt. [1]
The World Economic Forum publishes a Financial Development Index annually, which measures and analyses the factors enabling the development of financial systems among different economies. It provides a comprehensive means for economies to benchmark various aspects of their financial systems.
A foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to purchase of an asset in another country, such that it gives direct control to the purchaser over the asset (e.g. purchase of land and building). In other words, it is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business, in real estate or in productive assets such as factories in one ...
Country foreign exchange reserves minus external debt. In international economics, the balance of payments (also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated BOP or BoP) of a country is the difference between all money flowing into the country in a particular period of time (e.g., a quarter or a year) and the outflow of money to the rest of the world.
This is the list of countries by flows of received foreign direct investment (FDI). The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1. According to World Bank, "Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to direct investment equity flows in an economy. It is the sum of equity capital ...