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Androgen replacement therapy (ART), often referred to as testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), is a form of hormone therapy in which androgens, often testosterone, are supplemented or replaced. It typically involves the administration of testosterone through injections, skin creams, patches, gels, pills, or subcutaneous pellets.
Mesterolone is the generic name of the drug and its INN Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USAN Tooltip United States Adopted Name, BAN Tooltip British Approved Name, and DCIT Tooltip Denominazione Comune Italiana, while mestérolone is its DCF Tooltip Dénomination Commune Française.
Enclomifene is the (E)-stereoisomer of clomifene, while zuclomifene is the (Z)-stereoisomer. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Whereas zuclomifene is more estrogenic , enclomifene is more antiestrogenic . [ 3 ] In accordance, unlike enclomifene, zuclomifene is antigonadotropic due to activation of the ER and reduces testosterone levels in men. [ 3 ]
Additionally, enclomifene has a half-life of just ten hours, [4] but zuclomifene has a half-life on the order of several days to a week, so if the goal is to boost testosterone, taking regular clomifene may produce far longer-lasting pro-estrogenic effects than pro-androgenic effects.
Most SARMs have been tested in vitro or on rodents, while limited clinical trials in humans have been carried out. [ 6 ] [ 66 ] Initial research focused on muscle wasting. [ 25 ] Enobosarm (ostarine) is the most well-studied SARM; according to its manufacturer, GTx Incorporated , 25 studies have been carried out on more than 1,700 humans as of ...
Testosterone undecanoate has a very long elimination half-life and mean residence time when given as a depot intramuscular injection. [27] [7] [8] Its elimination half-life is 20.9 days and its mean residence time is 34.9 days in tea seed oil, while its elimination half-life is 33.9 days and its mean residence time is 36.0 days in castor oil.
SERMs are used for various estrogen-related diseases, including treatment of ovulatory dysfunction in the management of infertility treatment, prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, treatment and risk reduction of breast cancer, [4] and treatment of dyspareunia due to menopause.
[23] [24] A postmarketing analysis by the manufacturer of Aveed (testosterone undeconate injection) found that POME occurred at a rate of less than 1% per injection per year for Aveed. [25] Injected testosterone esters should be started at a low dose and titrated upwards based on trough levels (blood levels drawn just before your next shot). A ...