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Nitrifying bacteria are chemolithotrophic organisms that include species of genera such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrobacter, Nitrospina, Nitrospira and Nitrococcus. These bacteria get their energy from the oxidation of inorganic nitrogen compounds. [1] Types include ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB).
Anammox, an abbreviation for "anaerobic ammonium oxidation", is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle [1] that takes place in many natural environments. The bacteria mediating this process were identified in 1999, and were a great surprise for the scientific community. [2]
Anammox is a wastewater treatment technique that removes nitrogen using anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). [1] This process is performed by anammox bacteria which are autotrophic, meaning they do not need organic carbon for their metabolism to function. Instead, the metabolism of anammox bacteria convert ammonium and nitrite into ...
Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via the intermediary nitrite. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil. The process of complete nitrification may occur through separate organisms [1] or entirely within one organism, as in comammox bacteria. The transformation of ammonia to nitrite is ...
Nitrosomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the Betaproteobacteria.It is one of the five genera of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria [8] and, as an obligate chemolithoautotroph, [9] uses ammonia as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source in the presence of oxygen.
For these reasons, nitrification and, in many cases, nitrogen removal is necessary. Two special steps are required for nitrogen removal: a) Nitrification: Oxidation of ammonium nitrogen and organically bound nitrogen to nitrate. Nitrification is very sensitive to inhibitors and can lead to a pH value in poorly buffered water. [10]
The nitrite oxidation reaction performed by the Nitrobacter is as follows; NO 2 − + H 2 O → NO 3 − + 2H + + 2e −. 2H + + 2e − + ½O 2 → H 2 O [9] The Gibbs' Free Energy yield for nitrite oxidation is: ΔG ο = -74 kJ mol −1 NO 2 −. In the oceans, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria such as Nitrobacter are usually found in close proximity ...
Nitrospira is a ubiquitous bacterium that plays a role in the nitrogen cycle [8] by performing nitrite oxidation in the second step of nitrification. [7] Nitrospira live in a wide array of environments including but not limited to, drinking water systems, waste treatment plants, rice paddies, forest soils, geothermal springs, and sponge tissue. [9]