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A hindlimb or back limb is one of the paired articulated appendages attached on the caudal end of a terrestrial tetrapod vertebrate's torso. [1] With reference to quadrupeds , the term hindleg or back leg is often used instead.
The cranial pair (i.e. closer to the head) of limbs are known as the forelimbs or front legs, and the caudal pair (i.e. closer to the tail or coccyx) are the hindlimbs or back legs. In animals with a more erect bipedal posture (mainly hominid primates, particularly humans), the forelimbs and hindlimbs are often called upper and lower limbs ...
Skeleton of the lower forelimb. Each forelimb of the horse runs from the scapula or shoulder blade to the third phalanx (coffin or pedal) bones. In between are the humerus (arm), radius (forearm), elbow joint, ulna (elbow), carpus (knee) bones and joint, large metacarpal (cannon), small metacarpal (splint), sesamoid, fetlock joint, first phalanx (long pastern), pastern joint, second phalanx ...
The walk is a four-beat gait that averages about 7 kilometres per hour (4.3 mph). When walking, a horse's legs follow this sequence: left hind leg, left front leg, right hind leg, right front leg, in a regular 1-2-3-4 beat. At the walk, the horse will alternate between having three or two feet on the ground.
Plantar ligament: in the hind leg, originates on the calcaneus, running down the lateral side of the tarsus, attaches to the 4th tarsal and 4th metatarsal bones. Injury leads to a condition known as "curb." Inter-sesamoidean ligament: supporting ligament cconnecting the two sesamoid bones.
A leg is a weight-bearing and locomotive anatomical structure, usually having a columnar shape. During locomotion, legs function as "extensible struts". [ 1 ] The combination of movements at all joints can be modeled as a single, linear element capable of changing length and rotating about an omnidirectional "hip" joint.
The leg from the knee to the ankle is called the crus. [7] The calf is the back portion, and the tibia or shinbone together with the smaller fibula make up the shin, the front of the lower leg. [8] Comparison between human and gorilla skeletons. (Gorilla in non-natural stretched posture.)
For a front leg, this is when the lower leg is in front of the horse, i.e. angled forward, while the caudal phase is when the leg is underneath the horse, i.e. angled backward. For a hind leg, the cranial phase occurs when the lower leg is under the body of the horse, and the caudal phase is when the limb is out behind the body of the horse.