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The diagnostic properties of calcite include a defining Mohs hardness of 3, a specific gravity of 2.71 and, in crystalline varieties, a vitreous luster. Color is white or none, though shades of gray, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, brown, or even black can occur when the mineral is charged with impurities. [4]
Ruizite is translucent and orange to red-brown in color with an apricot yellow streak. [3] The mineral occurs as euhedral prisms up to 1 mm (0.039 in) or as radial clusters of acicular (needle-like) crystals. [1] Ruizite is common at the Christmas mine. [4] The mineral is known from Arizona, Pennsylvania, and Northern Cape Province, South ...
Iceland spar holds historical importance in optics and the study of light. [18] One of its most notable properties is its ability to exhibit double refraction. [18] This phenomenon was first described by the Danish scientist Erasmus Bartholin in 1669, who observed it in a specimen of Iceland spar.
Calcite alabaster, harder than the gypsum variety, was used in ancient Egypt and the wider Middle East (except Assyrian palace reliefs), and also in modern times. It is found as either a stalagmitic deposit from the floor and walls of limestone caverns , or as a kind of travertine , similarly deposited in springs of calcareous water.
Unpolished sunstone. The optical effect is due to reflections from inclusions of red copper, hematite, or goethite, in the form of minute scales, which are hexagonal, rhombic, or irregular in shape, and are disposed parallel to the principal cleavage-plane.
Optical properties: Uniaxial (+) Refractive index: n ω = 1.918–1.921, n ε = 1.935–1.938: Birefringence: δ = 0.017: Pleochroism: Definite dichoric in yellow (yellow to orange-brown) Fusibility: With difficulty: Solubility: Soluble in alkalis. Insoluble in acids: Other characteristics: Fluorescence under short-wave UV is bright blue ...
Under short wave ultraviolet light it fluoresces a rich orange color. It is frequently associated with minerals such as hardystonite (fluoresces violet blue), esperite (fluoresces bright yellow), calcite (fluoresces orange-red), franklinite (non-fluorescent) and willemite (fluoresces green). [6]
Barytocalcite often forms oriented growths on baryte, and calcite, witherite and baryte can be epitaxial on barytocalcite. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Crystals are normally short to long prismatic and striated. They are transparent to translucent, colourless, white, greyish, greenish or yellowish with a white streak and a vitreous to resinous lustre .
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