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Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11] Sensory abnormalities are also included in the diagnostic manuals ...
Early intervention in nonspeaking autism emphasizes the critical role of language acquisition before the age of five in predicting positive developmental outcomes; acquiring language before age five is a good indicator of positive child development, that early language development is crucial to educational achievement, employment, independence during adulthood, and social relationships. [2]
Speech sound disorders (SSDs) can arise from a variety of causes, which are generally categorized into organic and functional factors: Organic causes These include physical or neurological issues that affect speech production: hearing loss, including temporary hearing loss, such as from ear infections; developmental disorders (e.g. autism)
For example, overly loud or high-pitched speech can come across to listeners as overly forceful while slow or nasal speech creates an impression of condescension. [9] These attributions, which are commonly found in patients with ASD, [9] partially account for why stilted speech has been considered a diagnostic criterion for the disorder. [8]
From the current studies, one can see that articulatory suppression does affect the ability and reaction time in task switching conditions. Wallace, Silvers, Martin, & Kenworthy [12] conducted experiments to see if individuals with autism use inner speech in task completion. The results from this study also provided information on the effect of ...
Similarities between SPCD and some aspects of autism lead some researchers to try some treatments for autism with people with SPCD. [7] Speech therapy can help individuals who have communication disorders. Speech and language therapy treatment focuses on communication and social interaction. [8] Speech therapists can work with clients on ...
Specific language impairment (SLI) (the term developmental language disorder is preferred by some) [1] is diagnosed when a child's language does not develop normally and the difficulties cannot be accounted for by generally slow development, physical abnormality of the speech apparatus, autism spectrum disorder, apraxia, acquired brain damage or hearing loss.
Speech disorders affect roughly 11.5% of the US population, and 5% of the primary school population. [5] Speech is a complex process that requires precise timing, nerve and muscle control, and as a result is susceptible to impairments. A person who has a stroke, an accident or birth defect may have speech and language problems. [6]