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The sigmoid colon is completely surrounded by peritoneum (and thus is not retroperitoneal), which forms a mesentery (sigmoid mesocolon), which diminishes in length from the center toward the ends of the loop, where it disappears, so that the loop is fixed at its junctions with the iliac colon and rectum, but enjoys a considerable range of movement in its central portion.
the duodenum, except for the proximal first segment, which is intraperitoneal [4] ascending and descending portions of the colon (but not the transverse colon, sigmoid and the cecum) pancreas, except for the tail, which is intraperitoneal
Intraperitoneal: Mesoperitoneal: Retroperitoneal ( or Extraperitoneal ) Infraperitoneal / Subperitoneal: Stomach, half of the first part of the duodenum [2.2 cm], jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, rectum (upper 1/3) The rest of the duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum (middle 1/3) Rectum (lower 1/3)
Of the colon, the ascending colon, descending colon and rectum are retroperitoneal, while the cecum, appendix, transverse colon and sigmoid colon are intraperitoneal. [13] This is important as it affects which organs can be easily accessed during surgery, such as a laparotomy .
The sigmoid mesocolon is that region of the mesentery to which the sigmoid colon is attached at the gastrointestinal mesenteric margin. The mesoappendix is the portion of the mesentery connecting the ileum to the appendix .
Peritoneal recesses (or peritoneal gutters) are the spaces formed by peritoneum draping over viscera. [1] The term refers mainly to four spaces in the abdominal cavity; the two paracolic gutters and the two paramesenteric gutters. There are other smaller recesses including those around the duodenojejunal flexure, cecum, and the sigmoid colon.
The intraperitoneal regions include most of the stomach, first part of the duodenum, all of the small intestine, caecum and appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum. In these sections of the gut there is clear boundary between the gut and the surrounding tissue.
While the cecum is usually intraperitoneal, the ascending colon is retroperitoneal. [2] ... the colon could be traced from the rectum, to the sigmoid colon, ...