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Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteine (TGA) is a pharmaceutical drug that is a combination of thiamphenicol glycinate ester (TAFGE), which is a derivative of the antibiotic thiamphenicol, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is a mucus-thinning drug. Upon contact with tissue esterases, TGA releases both TAFGE and NAC.
The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) is the medicine and therapeutic regulatory agency of the Australian Government. [4] As part of the Department of Health and Aged Care, the TGA regulates the safety, quality, efficacy and advertising in Australia of therapeutic goods (which comprise medicines, medical devices, biologicals and certain other therapeutic goods).
Pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs obtained from medicinal plants, animals, fungi, and other natural sources. [1] The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical , and biological properties of drugs, drug substances, or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin ...
An Australian Approved Name (AAN) is a generic drug name set by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) for use in Australia. [1] In late 2016, the TGA changed several drug names to the corresponding international nonproprietary name (INN), or, in cases where an INN was not available (as with asparaginase), another established generic name, such as the United States Adopted Name (USAN).
Beta blockers exert their pharmacological effect, decreased heart rate, by binding to and competitively antagonising a type of receptor called beta adrenoceptors. [1]In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. [2]
It also includes the study of existing drugs, their biological properties, and their quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). [1] [2] Medicinal chemistry is a highly interdisciplinary science combining organic chemistry with biochemistry, computational chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology, statistics, and physical chemistry.
Absorption is the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to the site of action. [1] [2]The drug travels by some route of administration (oral, topical-dermal, etc.) in a chosen dosage form (e.g., tablets, capsules, or in solution). [3]
Over-the-counter (OTC) drug (Obat bebas), drugs freely available to the public. Marked by green circle with black line. Limited OTC drug (Obat bebas terbatas), drugs available to the public only through pharmacy (apotek) or licensed drug stores. Marked by blue circle with black line. Prescription drug (Obat keras), prescription only medicine ...