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The Indus Basin. The Indus Basin is the part of Asia drained by the Indus River and its tributaries. The basin covers an area of 1,120,000 km 2 (430,000 sq mi) [1] [a] traversing four countries: Afghanistan, China, India, and Pakistan, with most of the area lying predominantly in the latter two countries.
The Indus Basin Irrigation System is the "largest contiguous irrigation system developed over the past 140 years" anywhere in the world. [50] This has reduced the flow of water and by 2018, the average annual flow of water below the Kotri barrage was 33 billion cubic metres (43 × 10 ^ 9 cu yd), [ 51 ] and annual amount of silt discharged was ...
The upper Indus Basin includes Punjab; the lower Indus Basin begins at the Panjnad River (the confluence of the eastern tributaries of the Indus) and extends south to the coast. Punjab means the "land of five waters": the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. [2] The Sutlej river, however, is mostly on the Indian side of the border.
The Ravi River, a transboundary river of India and Pakistan, is an integral part of the Indus River Basin and forms the headwaters of the Indus basin. The waters of the Ravi River drain into the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean) through the Indus River in Pakistan. The river rises in the Bara Bhangal, Kangra District in Himachal Pradesh, India. The ...
A map of the Indus River basin system, from the Indus' upper course and origin in Tibet to its lower course and mouth in Sindh. Hindustan is derived from the Persian word Hindū cognate with the Sanskrit Sindhu. [2] The Proto-Iranian sound change *s > h occurred between 850 and 600 BCE, according to Asko Parpola. [11]
The offshore Indus basin is a rift and passive margin basin which developed following the separation of the Indian Plate from Africa in the late Jurassic. [3] [4] [5] During the Late Cretaceous, the separation of Madagascar from India occurred and was followed by rapid northward movement of the Indian plate.
The Ganges Basin is a major part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) basin draining 1,999,000 square kilometres in Tibet, Nepal, India and Bangladesh. To the north, the Himalaya or lower parallel ranges beyond form the Ganges-Brahmaputra divide. On the west the Ganges Basin borders the Indus basin and then the Aravalli ridge.
Tarbela Dam was constructed as part of the Indus Basin Project after signing of the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan. The purpose was to compensate for the loss of water supplies of the eastern rivers (Ravi, Sutlej and Beas) that were designated for exclusive use by India per terms of the treaty. [9]