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Usually the treatment is done in the first or second trimester of pregnancy, for a woman who has had one or more late miscarriages in the past. [2] The word "cerclage" means encircling, hooping or banding in French. [3] The success rate for cervical cerclage is approximately 80–90% for elective cerclages, and 40–60% for emergency cerclages.
For example, its rate of maternal deaths while pregnant or shortly after termination ranks 23rd nationwide; and its rate of pregnant women who begin maternity care during the first trimester ranks ...
Estrogens may be used in treatment of infertility in women when there is a need to develop sperm-friendly cervical mucus or an appropriate uterine lining. [65] [66] It is also commonly used during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Estrogen helps maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus and help prepare for pregnancy.
The B-Lynch suture or B-Lynch procedure is a form of compression suture used in obstetrics. It is used to mechanically compress an atonic uterus in the face of severe postpartum hemorrhage . It was developed by Christopher B-Lynch, a consultant obstetrician and gynaecological surgeon based at Milton Keynes General Hospital , Milton Keynes ...
Bupivacaine crosses the placenta and is a pregnancy category C drug. However, it is approved for use at term in obstetrical anesthesia. Bupivacaine is excreted in breast milk. Risks of stopping breast feeding versus stopping bupivacaine should be discussed with the patient. [19]
A subgaleal hemorrhage may initially look like a caput succedaneum or a chignon because blood crosses the suture lines for all three conditions. [6] However, notifiable signs of a subgaleal hemorrhage include fluctuant scalp swelling, a lesion crossing the suture lines, pitting edema continuing over the head, and fluid wave test. [21]
Tears vary widely in severity. The majority are superficial and may require no treatment, but severe tears can cause significant bleeding, long-term pain or dysfunction. A perineal tear is distinct from an episiotomy, in which the perineum is intentionally incised to facilitate delivery. Episiotomy, a very rapid birth, or large fetal size can ...
It takes place in normal pregnancies as well as when there are obstetric or trauma related complications to pregnancy. Normally the maternal circulation and the fetal circulation are kept from direct contact with each other, with gas and nutrient exchange taking place across a membrane in the placenta made of two layers, the syncytiotrophoblast ...