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This page was last edited on 4 September 2023, at 18:57 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
The standard state of a material (pure substance, mixture or solution) is a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions.A degree sign (°) or a superscript Plimsoll symbol (⦵) is used to designate a thermodynamic quantity in the standard state, such as change in enthalpy (ΔH°), change in entropy (ΔS°), or change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°).
The term degree is used in several scales of temperature, with the notable exception of kelvin, primary unit of temperature for engineering and the physical sciences. The degree symbol ° is usually used, followed by the initial letter of the unit; for example, "°C" for degree Celsius. A degree can be defined as a set change in temperature ...
Many scientific measurements use the Kelvin temperature scale (unit symbol: K), named in honor of the physicist who first defined it. It is an absolute scale. Its numerical zero point, 0 K, is at the absolute zero of temperature. Since May 2019, the kelvin has been defined through particle kinetic theory, and statistical mechanics.
Symbol Name Meaning SI unit of measure nabla dot : the divergence operator often pronounced "del dot" per meter (m −1) : nabla cross : the curl operator often pronounced "del cross"
For a property R that changes when the temperature changes by dT, the temperature coefficient α is defined by the following equation: d R R = α d T {\displaystyle {\frac {dR}{R}}=\alpha \,dT} Here α has the dimension of an inverse temperature and can be expressed e.g. in 1/K or K −1 .
thermodynamic temperature "The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380 649 × 10 −23 when expressed in the unit J K −1, which is equal to kg m 2 s −2 K −1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ...
[57] [5] [58] [59] The unit's symbol K is a capital letter, [39] per the SI convention to capitalize symbols of units derived from the name of a person. [60] It is common convention to capitalize Kelvin when referring to Lord Kelvin [5] or the Kelvin scale. [61] The unit symbol K is encoded in Unicode at code point U+212A K KELVIN SIGN.